Xamarin - 布局

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线性布局

在线性布局中，内容以水平或垂直方式排列。

线性布局 ─ 水平

该布局的内容是水平排列的。对于此演示，我们将创建 3 个按钮并以线性布局水平排列它们。

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?> 
<LinearLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
   android:orientation = "horizontal" 
   android:layout_width = "fill_parent" 
   android:layout_height = "fill_parent" 
   android:background = "#d3d3d3" 
   android:minWidth="25px" 
   android:minHeight="25px"> 
   <Button 
      android:id="@+id/MyButton1" 
      android:layout_width="wrap_content" 
      android:layout_margin="10dp" 
      android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
      android:text="Button 1" 
      android:background="@android:color/holo_green_dark" /> 
   <Button 
      android:id="@+id/MyButton2" 
      android:layout_width="wrap_content" 
      android:layout_margin="10dp" 
      android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
      android:text="Button 2" 
      android:background="@android:color/holo_green_dark" /> 
   <Button 
      android:id="@+id/MyButton3" 
      android:layout_width="wrap_content" 
      android:layout_margin="10dp"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
      android:text="Button 3" 
      android:background="@android:color/holo_green_dark" /> 
</LinearLayout>         

结果输出如下所示 -

线性布局 ─ 垂直

这种类型的布局以垂直方式放置子视图。

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?> 
<LinearLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
   android:orientation = "vertical" 
   android:layout_width = "fill_parent" 
   android:layout_height = "fill_parent" 
   android:background = "#d3d3d3" 
   android:minWidth = "25px" 
   android:minHeight = "25px"> 
   <Button 
      android:id = "@+id/MyButton1" 
      android:layout_width = "fill_parent" 
      android:layout_margin = "10dp"
      android:layout_height = "wrap_content" 
      android:text = "Button 1" 
      android:background = "@android:color/holo_green_dark" /> 
   <Button 
      android:id = "@+id/MyButton2" 
      android:layout_width = "fill_parent" 
      android:layout_margin = "10dp" 
      android:layout_height = "wrap_content" 
      android:text = "Button 2" 
      android:background = "@android:color/holo_green_dark" /> 
   <Button 
      android:id = "@+id/MyButton3" 
      android:layout_width = "fill_parent" 
      android:layout_margin = "10dp" 
      android:layout_height = "wrap_content" 
      android:text="Button 3" 
      android:background = "@android:color/holo_green_dark" /> 
</LinearLayout> 

其结果输出如下 -

相对布局

在此视图中，子视图的位置是相对于其父视图或其兄弟视图的。在下面的示例中，我们将创建 3 个 EditText 视图和一个按钮，然后将它们相对对齐。

创建一个新项目并将其命名为相对布局应用程序。打开main.axml并添加以下代码。

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?> 
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
   android:layout_width = "match_parent" 
   android:layout_height = "match_parent" 
   android:paddingLeft = "16dp" 
   android:background = "#d3d3d3" 
   android:paddingRight = "16dp"> 
   <EditText 
      android:id = "@+id/name" 
      android:layout_width = "match_parent" 
      android:layout_height = "wrap_content" 
      android:hint = "First Name" 
      android:textColorHint = "@android:color/background_dark" 
      android:textColor = "@android:color/background_dark" /> 
   <EditText 
      android:id = "@+id/lastName" 
      android:layout_width = "0dp" 
      android:layout_height = "wrap_content" 
      android:hint = "Last Name" 
      android:layout_below = "@id/name" 
      android:textColorHint = "@android:color/background_dark" 
      android:textColor = "@android:color/background_dark" 
      android:layout_alignParentLeft = "true" 
      android:layout_toLeftOf = "@+id/age" /> 
   <EditText 
      android:id = "@id/age" 
      android:layout_width = "80dp" 
      android:layout_height = "wrap_content" 
      android:layout_below = "@id/name" 
      android:hint = "Age" 
      android:textColorHint = "@android:color/background_dark"
      android:textColor = "@android:color/background_dark" 
      android:layout_alignParentRight = "true" /> 
   <Button 
      android:layout_width = "85dp" 
      android:layout_height = "wrap_content" 
      android:layout_below = "@id/age" 
      android:layout_alignParentRight = "true" 
      android:text = "Submit" 
      android:background = "@android:color/holo_green_dark" /> 
</RelativeLayout> 

我们在此代码中使用的重要参数是 -

• android:layout_below - 它将子视图元素对齐到其父视图元素下方。

• android:layout_alignParentLeft - 将父元素向左对齐。

• android:layout_toLeftOf - 此属性将一个元素与另一个元素的左侧对齐。

• android:layout_alignParentRight - 它将父级向右对齐。

当您现在构建并运行应用程序时，它将产生以下输出屏幕 -

框架布局

框架布局用于仅显示一项。很难在此布局中排列多个项目而不使它们彼此重叠。

启动一个新项目并将其命名为frameLayoutApp。创建一个新的框架布局，如下所示。

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?> 
<FrameLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
   android:layout_width = "fill_parent" 
   android:layout_height = "fill_parent"> 
  <ImageView 
      android:id = "@+id/ImageView1" 
      android:scaleType = "matrix" 
      android:layout_height = "fill_parent" 
      android:layout_width = "fill_parent" 
      android:src = "@drawable/img1" /> 
   <TextView 
      android:layout_width = "fill_parent" 
      android:layout_height = "wrap_content" 
      android:textSize = "50dp" 
      android:textColor = "#000" 
      android:text = "This is a Lake" /> 
   <TextView 
      android:gravity = "right" 
      android:layout_width = "fill_parent" 
      android:layout_height = "wrap_content" 
      android:textSize = "50dp" 
      android:text = "A very Deep Lake" 
      android:layout_gravity = "bottom" 
      android:textColor = "#fff" /> 
</FrameLayout>

上面的代码创建了一个充满整个屏幕的imageView 。然后两个 textview 漂浮在imageView之上。

现在，构建并运行您的应用程序。它将显示以下输出 -

表格布局

在此布局中，视图按行和列排列。让我们看看它是如何工作的。

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?> 
<TableLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
   android:layout_width = "fill_parent" 
   android:background = "#d3d3d3" 
   android:layout_height = "fill_parent" 
   android:stretchColumns = "1"> 
   
   <TableRow> 
      <TextView 
         android:text = "First Name:" 
         android:layout_width = "wrap_content" 
         android:layout_height = "wrap_content" 
         android:textColor = "@android:color/black" /> 
      <EditText 
         android:width = "100px" 
         android:layout_width = "fill_parent" 
         android:layout_height = "30dp"
         android:textColor = "@android:color/black" /> 
   </TableRow> 
   
   <TableRow> 
      <TextView 
         android:text = "Last Name:" 
         android:layout_width = "wrap_content" 
         android:layout_height = "wrap_content" 
         android:textColor = "@android:color/black" /> 
      <EditText 
         android:width = "50px" 
         android:layout_width = "fill_parent" 
         android:layout_height = "30dp" 
         android:textColor = "@android:color/black" /> 
   </TableRow> 
   
   <TableRow> 
      <TextView 
         android:text = "Residence:" 
         android:layout_width = "wrap_content" 
         android:layout_height = "wrap_content" 
         android:textColor = "@android:color/black" /> 
      <EditText 
         android:width = "100px" 
         android:layout_width = "fill_parent" 
         android:layout_height = "30dp" 
         android:textColor = "@android:color/black" /> 
   </TableRow> 
   
   <TableRow> 
      <TextView 
         android:text = "Occupation:" 
         android:layout_width = "wrap_content" 
         android:layout_height = "wrap_content" 
         android:textColor = "@android:color/black" /> 
      <EditText 
         android:width = "100px" 
         android:layout_width = "fill_parent" 
         android:layout_height = "30dp" 
         android:textColor = "@android:color/black" /> 
   </TableRow> 
   
   <TableRow>
      <Button 
         android:text = "Cancel" 
         android:layout_width = "wrap_content" 
         android:layout_margin = "10dp" 
         android:layout_height = "wrap_content" 
         android:background = "@android:color/holo_green_dark" /> 
      <Button 
         android:text = "Submit" 
         android:width = "100px" 
         android:layout_margin = "10dp" 
         android:layout_width = "wrap_content" 
         android:layout_height = "wrap_content" 
         android:background = "@android:color/holo_green_dark" /> 
   </TableRow> 
</TableLayout>     

上面的代码创建了一个使用table和rows排列的简单数据输入表单。