H2 数据库 - JDBC 连接


H2是一个JAVA数据库。我们可以使用 JDBC 与该数据库进行交互。在本章中,我们将看到如何创建与H2数据库的JDBC连接以及如何与H2数据库进行CRUD操作。

一般来说,创建 JDBC 连接有五个步骤。

步骤 1 - 注册 JDBC 数据库驱动程序。

Class.forName ("org.h2.Driver"); 

步骤 2 - 打开连接。

Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection ("jdbc:h2:~/test", "sa",""); 

步骤 3 - 创建声明。

Statement st = conn.createStatement(); 

步骤 4 - 执行语句并接收结果集。

Stmt.executeUpdate("sql statement"); 

步骤 5 - 关闭连接。

conn.close(); 

在继续创建完整的程序之前,我们需要将h2-1.4.192.jar 文件添加到 CLASSPATH 中。我们可以从文件夹C:\Program Files (x86)\H2\bin获取这个jar

创建表

在这个例子中,我们将编写一个创建表的程序。考虑一个名为Registration的表,该表具有以下字段。

序列号 列名称 数据类型 非空 首要的关键
1 ID 数字 是的 是的
2 第一的 varchar(255)
3 最后的 varchar(255)
4 年龄 数字

以下是名为H2jdbcCreateDemo的示例程序。

import java.sql.Connection; 
import java.sql.DriverManager; 
import java.sql.SQLException; 
import java.sql.Statement;  

public class H2jdbcCreateDemo { 
   // JDBC driver name and database URL 
   static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "org.h2.Driver";   
   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:h2:~/test";  
   
   //  Database credentials 
   static final String USER = "sa"; 
   static final String PASS = ""; 
  
   public static void main(String[] args) { 
      Connection conn = null; 
      Statement stmt = null; 
      try { 
         // STEP 1: Register JDBC driver 
         Class.forName(JDBC_DRIVER); 
             
         //STEP 2: Open a connection 
         System.out.println("Connecting to database..."); 
         conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL,USER,PASS);  
         
         //STEP 3: Execute a query 
         System.out.println("Creating table in given database..."); 
         stmt = conn.createStatement(); 
         String sql =  "CREATE TABLE   REGISTRATION " + 
            "(id INTEGER not NULL, " + 
            " first VARCHAR(255), " +  
            " last VARCHAR(255), " +  
            " age INTEGER, " +  
            " PRIMARY KEY ( id ))";  
         stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
         System.out.println("Created table in given database..."); 
         
         // STEP 4: Clean-up environment 
         stmt.close(); 
         conn.close(); 
      } catch(SQLException se) { 
         //Handle errors for JDBC 
         se.printStackTrace(); 
      } catch(Exception e) { 
         //Handle errors for Class.forName 
         e.printStackTrace(); 
      } finally { 
         //finally block used to close resources 
         try{ 
            if(stmt!=null) stmt.close(); 
         } catch(SQLException se2) { 
         } // nothing we can do 
         try { 
            if(conn!=null) conn.close(); 
         } catch(SQLException se){ 
            se.printStackTrace(); 
         } //end finally try 
      } //end try 
      System.out.println("Goodbye!");
   } 
}

将上述程序保存到H2jdbcCreateDemo.java中。通过在命令提示符下执行以下命令来编译并执行上述程序。

\>javac H2jdbcCreateDemo.java 
\>java H2jdbcCreateDemo 

上述命令产生以下输出。

Connecting to database... 
Creating table in given database... 
Created table in given database... 
Goodbye!

执行完毕后,我们可以查看使用H2 SQL接口创建的表。

插入记录

在本例中,我们将编写一个用于插入记录的程序。让我们将以下记录插入到“Registration”表中。

ID 第一的 最后的 年龄
100 扎拉 阿里 18
101 马赫纳兹 法特玛 25
102 扎伊德 30
103 苏米特 米塔尔 28

以下是名为H2jdbcInsertDemo的示例程序。

import java.sql.Connection; 
import java.sql.DriverManager; 
import java.sql.SQLException; 
import java.sql.Statement;  

public class H2jdbcInsertDemo { 
   // JDBC driver name and database URL 
   static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "org.h2.Driver";   
   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:h2:~/test";  
   
   //  Database credentials 
   static final String USER = "sa"; 
   static final String PASS = ""; 
  
   public static void main(String[] args) { 
      Connection conn = null; 
      Statement stmt = null; 
      try{
         // STEP 1: Register JDBC driver 
         Class.forName(JDBC_DRIVER);  
         
         // STEP 2: Open a connection 
         System.out.println("Connecting to a selected database..."); 
         conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL,USER,PASS); 
         System.out.println("Connected database successfully..."); 
         
         // STEP 3: Execute a query 
         stmt = conn.createStatement();  
         String sql = "INSERT INTO Registration " + "VALUES (100, 'Zara', 'Ali', 18)"; 
         
         stmt.executeUpdate(sql); 
         sql = "INSERT INTO Registration " + "VALUES (101, 'Mahnaz', 'Fatma', 25)";  
         
         stmt.executeUpdate(sql); 
         sql = "INSERT INTO Registration " + "VALUES (102, 'Zaid', 'Khan', 30)"; 
         
         stmt.executeUpdate(sql); 
         sql = "INSERT INTO Registration " + "VALUES(103, 'Sumit', 'Mittal', 28)"; 
         
         stmt.executeUpdate(sql); 
         System.out.println("Inserted records into the table..."); 
         
         // STEP 4: Clean-up environment 
         stmt.close(); 
         conn.close(); 
      } catch(SQLException se) { 
         // Handle errors for JDBC 
         se.printStackTrace(); 
      } catch(Exception e) { 
         // Handle errors for Class.forName 
         e.printStackTrace(); 
      } finally { 
         // finally block used to close resources 
         try {
            if(stmt!=null) stmt.close();  
         } catch(SQLException se2) { 
         } // nothing we can do 
         try { 
            if(conn!=null) conn.close(); 
         } catch(SQLException se) { 
            se.printStackTrace(); 
         } // end finally try 
      } // end try 
      System.out.println("Goodbye!"); 
   } 
}

将以上程序保存到H2jdbcInsertDemo.java中。通过在命令提示符下执行以下命令来编译并执行上述程序。

\>javac H2jdbcInsertDemo.java 
\>java H2jdbcInsertDemo 

上述命令产生以下输出。

Connecting to a selected database... 
Connected database successfully... 
Inserted records into the table... 
Goodbye! 

读取记录

在这个例子中,我们将编写一个读取记录的程序。让我们尝试读取Registration表中的所有记录。

以下是名为H2jdbcRecordDemo的示例程序。

import java.sql.Connection; 
import java.sql.DriverManager; 
import java.sql.ResultSet; 
import java.sql.SQLException; 
import java.sql.Statement;  

public class H2jdbcReadDemo { 
   // JDBC driver name and database URL 
   static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "org.h2.Driver";   
   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:h2:~/test";  
   
   //  Database credentials 
   static final String USER = "sa"; 
   static final String PASS = ""; 
   
   public static void main(String[] args) { 
      Connection conn = null; 
      Statement stmt = null; 
      try { 
         // STEP 1: Register JDBC driver 
         Class.forName(JDBC_DRIVER); 
         
         // STEP 2: Open a connection 
         System.out.println("Connecting to database..."); 
         conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL,USER,PASS);  
         
         // STEP 3: Execute a query 
         System.out.println("Connected database successfully..."); 
         stmt = conn.createStatement(); 
         String sql = "SELECT id, first, last, age FROM Registration"; 
         ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql); 
         
         // STEP 4: Extract data from result set 
         while(rs.next()) { 
            // Retrieve by column name 
            int id  = rs.getInt("id"); 
            int age = rs.getInt("age"); 
            String first = rs.getString("first"); 
            String last = rs.getString("last");  
            
            // Display values 
            System.out.print("ID: " + id); 
            System.out.print(", Age: " + age); 
            System.out.print(", First: " + first); 
            System.out.println(", Last: " + last); 
         } 
         // STEP 5: Clean-up environment 
         rs.close(); 
      } catch(SQLException se) { 
         // Handle errors for JDBC 
         se.printStackTrace(); 
      } catch(Exception e) { 
         // Handle errors for Class.forName 
         e.printStackTrace(); 
      } finally { 
         // finally block used to close resources 
         try { 
            if(stmt!=null) stmt.close();  
         } catch(SQLException se2) { 
         } // nothing we can do 
         try { 
            if(conn!=null) conn.close(); 
         } catch(SQLException se) { 
            se.printStackTrace(); 
         } // end finally try 
      } // end try 
      System.out.println("Goodbye!"); 
   } 
}

将以上程序保存到H2jdbcReadDemo.java中。通过在命令提示符下执行以下命令来编译并执行上述程序。

\>javac H2jdbcReadDemo.java 
\>java H2jdbcReadDemo 

上述命令产生以下输出。

Connecting to a selected database... 
Connected database successfully... 
ID: 100, Age: 18, First: Zara, Last: Ali 
ID: 101, Age: 25, First: Mahnaz, Last: Fatma 
ID: 102, Age: 30, First: Zaid, Last: Khan 
ID: 103, Age: 28, First: Sumit, Last: Mittal 
Goodbye!

更新记录

在此示例中,我们将编写一个程序来更新记录。让我们尝试读取Registration表中的所有记录。

以下是名为H2jdbcUpdateDemo的示例程序。

import java.sql.Connection; 
import java.sql.DriverManager; 
import java.sql.ResultSet; 
import java.sql.SQLException; 
import java.sql.Statement;  

public class H2jdbcUpdateDemo { 
   // JDBC driver name and database URL 
   static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "org.h2.Driver";   
   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:h2:~/test";  
   
   // Database credentials 
   static final String USER = "sa"; 
   static final String PASS = ""; 
   
   public static void main(String[] args) { 
      Connection conn = null; 
      Statement stmt = null; 
      try { 
         // STEP 1: Register JDBC driver 
         Class.forName(JDBC_DRIVER); 
         
         // STEP 2: Open a connection 
         System.out.println("Connecting to a database..."); 
         conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL,USER,PASS);  
         
         // STEP 3: Execute a query 
         System.out.println("Connected database successfully..."); 
         stmt = conn.createStatement(); 
         String sql = "UPDATE Registration " + "SET age = 30 WHERE id in (100, 101)"; 
         stmt.executeUpdate(sql);  
         
         // Now you can extract all the records 
         // to see the updated records 
         sql = "SELECT id, first, last, age FROM Registration"; 
         ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);  
         
         while(rs.next()){ 
            // Retrieve by column name 
            int id  = rs.getInt("id"); 
            int age = rs.getInt("age"); 
            String first = rs.getString("first"); 
            String last = rs.getString("last");  
            
            // Display values 
            System.out.print("ID: " + id); 
            System.out.print(", Age: " + age); 
            System.out.print(", First: " + first); 
            System.out.println(", Last: " + last); 
         } 
         rs.close();    
      } catch(SQLException se) { 
         // Handle errors for JDBC 
         se.printStackTrace(); 
      } catch(Exception e) { 
         // Handle errors for Class.forName 
         e.printStackTrace(); 
      } finally { 
         // finally block used to close resources  
         try { 
            if(stmt!=null) stmt.close(); 
         } catch(SQLException se2) { 
         } // nothing we can do 
         try { 
            if(conn!=null) conn.close(); 
         } catch(SQLException se) { 
            se.printStackTrace(); 
         } // end finally try 
      } // end try 
      System.out.println("Goodbye!"); 
   } 
} 

将以上程序保存到H2jdbcUpdateDemo.java中。通过在命令提示符下执行以下命令来编译并执行上述程序。

\>javac H2jdbcUpdateDemo.java 
\>java H2jdbcUpdateDemo 

上述命令产生以下输出。

Connecting to a selected database... 
Connected database successfully... 
ID: 100, Age: 30, First: Zara, Last: Ali 
ID: 101, Age: 30, First: Mahnaz, Last: Fatma 
ID: 102, Age: 30, First: Zaid, Last: Khan 
ID: 103, Age: 28, First: Sumit, Last: Mittal 
Goodbye!

删除记录

在这个例子中,我们将编写一个程序来删除记录。让我们尝试读取Registration表中的所有记录。

以下是名为H2jdbcDeleteDemo的示例程序。

import java.sql.Connection; 
import java.sql.DriverManager; 
import java.sql.ResultSet; 
import java.sql.SQLException; 
import java.sql.Statement;  

public class H2jdbcDeleteDemo { 
   // JDBC driver name and database URL 
   static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "org.h2.Driver";   
   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:h2:~/test";  
   
   // Database credentials 
   static final String USER = "sa"; 
   static final String PASS = ""; 
  
   public static void main(String[] args) { 
      Connection conn = null; 
      Statement stmt = null; 
      try { 
         // STEP 1: Register JDBC driver 
         Class.forName(JDBC_DRIVER);  
         
         // STEP 2: Open a connection 
         System.out.println("Connecting to database..."); 
         conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL,USER,PASS);  
         
         // STEP 3: Execute a query
         System.out.println("Creating table in given database..."); 
         stmt = conn.createStatement();  
         String sql = "DELETE FROM Registration " + "WHERE id = 101"; 
         stmt.executeUpdate(sql);  
         
         // Now you can extract all the records 
         // to see the remaining records 
         sql = "SELECT id, first, last, age FROM Registration"; 
         ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);  
         
         while(rs.next()){ 
            // Retrieve by column name 
            int id  = rs.getInt("id"); 
            int age = rs.getInt("age"); 
            String first = rs.getString("first"); 
            String last = rs.getString("last");  
            
            // Display values 
            System.out.print("ID: " + id); 
            System.out.print(", Age: " + age); 
            System.out.print(", First: " + first); 
            System.out.println(", Last: " + last); 
         } 
         rs.close(); 
      } catch(SQLException se) { 
         // Handle errors for JDBC 
         se.printStackTrace();  
      } catch(Exception e) { 
         // Handle errors for Class.forName 
         e.printStackTrace(); 
      } finally { 
         // finally block used to close resources 
         try { 
            if(stmt!=null) stmt.close(); 
         } catch(SQLException se2) { 
         } // nothing we can do 
         try { 
            if(conn!=null) conn.close(); 
         } catch(SQLException se) { 
            se.printStackTrace(); 
         } // end finally try
      } // end try 
      System.out.println("Goodbye!"); 
   } 
}

将以上程序保存到H2jdbcDeleteDemo.java中。通过在命令提示符下执行以下命令来编译并执行上述程序。

\>javac H2jdbcDeleteDemo.java 
\>java H2jdbcDeleteDemo

上述命令产生以下输出。

Connecting to a selected database... 
Connected database successfully... 
ID: 100, Age: 30, First: Zara, Last: Ali 
ID: 102, Age: 30, First: Zaid, Last: Khan 
ID: 103, Age: 28, First: Sumit, Last: Mittal 
Goodbye!